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Right place, right time: Spatiotemporal predictions guide attention in dynamic visual search.

Sage E P Boettcher; Nir Shalev; Jeremy M Wolfe; Anna C Nobre

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Title: Right place, right time: Spatiotemporal predictions guide attention in dynamic visual search.
Author: Sage E P Boettcher; Nir Shalev; Jeremy M Wolfe; Anna C Nobre
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology. General · DOI 10.1037/xge0000901 Published 2021-11-29 · Open source record
License: CC BY 3.0 deed

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Abstract Visual search is a fundamental element of human behavior and is predominantly studied in a laboratory setting using static displays. However, real-life search is often an extended process taking place in dynamic environments. We have designed a dynamic-search task in order to incorporate the temporal dimension into visual search. Using this task, we tested how participants learn and utilize spatiotemporal regularities embedded within the environment to guide performance. Participants searched for eight instances of a target that faded in and out of a display containing similarly transient distractors. In each trial, four of the eight targets appeared in a temporally predictable fashion with one target appearing in each of four spatially separated quadrants. The other four targets were spatially and temporally unpredictable. Participants’ performance was significantly better for spatiotemporally predictable compared to unpredictable targets (Experiments 1–4). The effects were reliable over different patterns of spatiotemporal predictability (Experiment 2) and primarily reflected long-term learning over trials (Experiments 3, 4), although single-trial priming effects also contributed (Experiment 4). Eye-movement recordings (Experiment 1) revealed that spatiotemporal regularities guide attention proactively and dynamically. Taken together, our results show that regularities across both space and time can guide visual search and this guidance can primarily be attributed to robust long-term representations of these regularities. Keywords: visual search, temporal attention, spatial attention, memory

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Original journal: Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
Published: 2021-11-29
DOI: 10.1037/xge0000901
Open record: PMC8920297

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