- Original authors / creators
- Wang PeiZhi; Muhammad Ramzan
- Original publication
- PLoS ONE · Public Library of Science · 2020-02-27
- License & retained notices
- CC BY 4.0
© 2020 PeiZhi, Ramzan
Article-specific license evidence ↗Exact license notice
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Article-specific license URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ - Edition changes
- Attributed narrative text edition with normalized whitespace. Original full XML retained. Figures, table layouts, display equations and supplements are available through the linked original full text; no new primary findings or source-author endorsement are claimed.
- Evidence limits
- Adjacent research, not a directly sampled family-office study. Applicability to a family office requires separate assessment. This article contributes to the literature by adopting a number of theories that understand the interactions examined in the study. However, the agency's theory is most widely used when studying corporate governance because it provides a rational basis for developing hypotheses. Logically, the findings of this article provide researchers with a new field of concept to study the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in two main ways. First, the concept of the outlier and its role in disturbing the results of the study and its solution. Second, as we know, the strong relationship between explanatory variables and residuals shows the problem of endogeneity, but no one tries to detect it similarly. Therefore, our study provides a new way to detect the problem of endogeneity. However, there are some limitations that future researchers need to overcome. First, our study used only five years, with a total of 225 observations, with different time periods likely to yield different results. Second, we have conducted this study on the reporting standards used by companies listed on the KSE 100 Index of the Pakistan Stock Exchange and by the Pakistan industry and may differ from other countries.
- Retraction / correction check
- No notice found in retrieved article XML, publisher HTML or Crossref relation/update-to/updated-by. Bounded check; unlinked or unregistered notices and independent retraction databases are outside coverage. Verified 2026-11-05. Automated/source checks are not human peer review.
- Preserved record
- Rights and full text checked 2026-11-05. Included in this volume on 2026-11-05. Original source dates remain unchanged.
Download the preserved source
SHA-256 (retrieved artifact): 008fba995f88a03376e08bf5dceb9ce0bd7452fc0af76d001a84cde43672dd57
SHA-256 (preserved text edition): d814d6cb3e79336de92fae5e5d69d3cea93c6f2044e7f9880c5c73145600babf