- Original authors / creators
- Xueyan Yu
- Original publication
- Frontiers in Psychology · Frontiers Media SA · 2026-08-19
- License & retained notices
- CC BY 4.0
Copyright © 2026 Yu.
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- Evidence limits
- Adjacent research, not a directly sampled family-office study. Applicability to a family office requires separate assessment. Several limitations should be acknowledged. First, the ESS component is valuable for external validity but does not measure digital finance use or decision fatigue. It therefore supports only the general association between economic insecurity and positive wellbeing. The digital finance interpretation is tested only in the three-wave survey. Second, although the three-wave design improves temporal ordering, it does not establish causality. All focal constructs are self-reported, and reciprocal relationships remain possible. Third, the WHO-5 at T3 asks about the previous 2 weeks, while the waves were separated by approximately 1 week. This means that the outcome recall window partly overlapped with the preceding waves. The findings should therefore be interpreted as temporally ordered associations rather than conclusive evidence that T2 fatigue caused later wellbeing changes. Fourth, the financial decision fatigue scale was adapted for this study. The current evidence supports reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and partial measurement invariance, but additional independent validation is needed. Future research should test the scale in other cultural contexts, among older adults, and among populations with different levels of debt and digital finance exposure. Fifth, the heterogeneity analyses used formal interactions and multi-group SEM, but multiple subgroup tests still increase the risk of overinterpretation. The moderation findings should be viewed as theoretically meaningful but in need of replication. Sixth, future research should use longer time intervals, behavioral measures of financial choice, app-use trace data, and experimental or quasi-experimental manipulations of decision complexity to better identify causal pathways.
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- Rights and full text checked 2026-11-05. Included in this volume on 2026-11-05. Original source dates remain unchanged.
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