Journal for School Superintendents · Evidence into practice

Agentic education.
The science of learning with AI.

Explore what tutors, adaptive systems and AI agents can help learners do—and what must still be demonstrated without assistance. Read the licensed research, inspect its population and methods, then open an age-sensitive implementation companion.

634new source papers and companions

3,634 / 7,000overall verified CC source collection

5Agentic & multi-agent systems47Conversational & pedagogical agents134Intelligent tutoring & adaptive learning34Embodied learning agents414Supporting AI learning science

Explicitly agentic systems are labeled separately from chatbots, adaptive tutors and supporting AI learning science. Original authors and DOIs are preserved. Automated relevance, license and design screening is not an independent quality appraisal. Companion guides are AI-assisted editorial material and are not counted as additional source papers.

Different learners. Different evidence requirements.

Stage tags come from source titles and abstracts; exact participant ages require full-text verification. Papers may mention multiple stages, including in reviews or teacher-perception studies; these counts are not counts of child-participant trials. A higher-education finding does not establish effectiveness for children, and an age-band count does not establish a proven intervention.

Stage-specific research questions and collection coverage
Stage mentioned in sourceDesign focusQuestion to testPapers mentioning stage
Early childhood · preschoolAdult-mediated language, play and turn-takingDoes the child demonstrate the skill with a person after the tool is removed?24
Primary schoolGuided hints, concrete examples and fading scaffoldsCan learners explain and transfer the idea independently?17
Secondary schoolSelf-regulation, reasoning and confidence calibrationDoes AI support thinking or replace the learner’s first attempt?72
Children · stage unspecifiedDevelopmental context must be verifiedAre participant ages and the educational setting established?59
K–12 · mixed / unspecifiedGrade-specific appraisal before implementationWhich grades were actually studied, and do results differ by age?19
Higher educationDisciplinary reasoning, feedback and assessmentAre gains measured in students rather than in model exam scores?297
Adult & professional learningAuthentic practice and expert-supervised simulationDoes performance persist on a new task without AI?37
Age / stage not establishedPopulation verification before implementationCan participant ages or education stage be established in the full text?196

What the research currently supports

K–12: inspect the comparator

A systematic review of 28 studies involving 4,597 K–12 learners reported generally positive results for intelligent tutoring, with smaller advantages against non-intelligent tutoring comparators. The included studies were quasi-experimental and varied in duration. This supports carefully designed pilots, rather than an assumption that any AI tutor will improve learning.

Read the review and search its evidence →

Preschool: individual differences matter

A study of 28 children aged 4–5 followed four robot-supported word-learning sessions. Shy children showed different interaction behavior and lower initial post-test scores, but the reported gap closed on a later test. This is a small study of individual differences within robot interaction, not a demonstration that robots outperform teachers. It argues for examining delayed outcomes and learner variation rather than equating expressiveness with learning.

Read the preschool word-learning study →

Young learners: separate engagement from attainment

A nine-week elementary afterschool robot-theater program involved 38 children aged 6–10; 21 participated in research activities. The study reports perceptions and enthusiasm, alongside teacher concerns about distraction and peer relationships. It does not establish a randomized improvement in academic achievement or justify extrapolation to preschoolers.

Read the child–robot study →

University: promising effects can have weak certainty

A review of 66 randomized trials with 4,911 undergraduate health-professions learners found that most studies had high risk of bias and rated certainty low to very low. Positive knowledge, satisfaction or confidence results must be read alongside those limits. These are adult disciplinary settings, not evidence of effectiveness for school-age children.

Read the RCT evidence synthesis →

These brief interpretations are AI-assisted editorial synthesis of the linked source abstracts, not an independent systematic review. Read each full paper’s methods, outcomes and limitations before making an implementation decision.

Performance is not learning

Separate immediate assisted task performance, student satisfaction and model benchmark scores from delayed retention and unaided transfer.

Agency requires a boundary

Specify goals, tool permissions, memory, supervision and stopping rules. A chatbot label alone says little about autonomy or instructional quality.

Evidence needs a comparator

Ask who learned, compared with what, over how long and under which conditions. Review sample size, attrition, outcome validity and risks of bias in the full paper.

Research, agents and actionable companions

47 matching papers. Design labels are screening aids; verify methods before drawing causal conclusions. Clear filters

Conversational & pedagogical agents

AΙ-Driven Interventions for Neurocognitive, Self-Regulation, and Adaptive Skill Development in Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Eleni Mitsea; Athanasios Drigas; Charalabos Skianis

Healthcare · 2026-09-20 · CC BY 4.0

Age / stage not established
Evidence synthesis

Self-regulation & metacognition · Cognitive load & attention · Assessment & reasoning · Accessibility & inclusion

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Usage of an App-Based Addiction Prevention Program for German Vocational Students: Secondary Analysis of Data From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Diana Guertler; Anne Möhring; Dominic Bläsing; Christian Meyer; Hannah Schmidt; Florian Rehbein; Merten Neumann; Arne Dreißigacker; Anja Bischof; Gallus Bischof; Svenja Sürig; Lisa Hohls; Susanne Wurm; Stefan Borgwardt; Severin Haug; Hans-Jürgen Rumpf

Journal of Medical Internet Research · 2025-07-28 · CC BY 4.0

Secondary school
Randomized study reported

Feedback & scaffolding · Motivation & engagement

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Use of a Conversational Agent for Training Mental Health Professionals in Suicide Safety Planning: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study

Bénédicte Nobile; Zohar Elyoseph; Elia Gourguechonbuot; Josselin Guyodo; Jordi Garcia; Inbar Levkovich; Emilie Olie; Yuval Haber; Yossi Levi-Belz; Philippe Courtet

JMIR Mental Health · 2026-06-30 · CC BY 4.0

Higher education
Comparative / pre-post study reported

Feedback & scaffolding · Assessment & reasoning · Accessibility & inclusion

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Prevention Needs and Target Behavior Preferences in an App-Based Addiction Prevention Program for German Vocational School Students: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Diana Guertler; Elaine Kraft; Dominic Bläsing; Anne Möhring; Christian Meyer; Hannah Schmidt; Florian Rehbein; Merten Neumann; Arne Dreißigacker; Anja Bischof; Gallus Bischof; Svenja Sürig; Lisa Hohls; Susanne Wurm; Stefan Borgwardt; Severin Haug; Hans-Jürgen Rumpf

JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025-06-24 · CC BY 4.0

Age / stage not established
Randomized study reported

Feedback & scaffolding · Motivation & engagement

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Lessons Learned and Future Directions of MetaTutor: Leveraging Multichannel Data to Scaffold Self-Regulated Learning With an Intelligent Tutoring System

Roger Azevedo; François Bouchet; Melissa Duffy; Jason Harley; Michelle Taub; Gregory Trevors; Elizabeth Cloude; Daryn Dever; Megan Wiedbusch; Franz Wortha; Rebeca Cerezo

Frontiers in Psychology · 2022-06-14 · CC BY 4.0

Higher education
Design requires full-text appraisal

Feedback & scaffolding · Self-regulation & metacognition · Motivation & engagement

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Mobile App-Based Coaching for Alcohol Prevention among Adolescents: Pre–Post Study on the Acceptance and Effectiveness of the Program “MobileCoach Alcohol”

Severin Haug; Nikolaos Boumparis; Andreas Wenger; Raquel Paz Castro; Michael Patrick Schaub

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · 2023-02-13 · CC BY 4.0

Secondary school
Survey / observational study

Feedback & scaffolding · Motivation & engagement · Assessment & reasoning

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Combining Artificial Intelligence and Human Support in Mental Health: Digital Intervention With Comparable Effectiveness to Human-Delivered Care

Clare E Palmer; Emily Marshall; Edward Millgate; Graham Warren; Michael Ewbank; Elisa Cooper; Samantha Lawes; Alastair Smith; Chris Hutchins-Joss; Jessica Young; Malika Bouazzaoui; Morad Margoum; Sandra Healey; Louise Marshall; Shaun Mehew; Ronan Cummins; Valentin Tablan; Ana Catarino; Andrew E Welchman; Andrew D Blackwell

Journal of Medical Internet Research · 2025-05-13 · CC BY 4.0

Higher education
Design requires full-text appraisal

Motivation & engagement

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Assessing the capabilities of AI-based large language models (AI-LLMs) in interpreting histopathological slides and scientific figures: Performance evaluation study

Khanisyah E. Gumilar; Grace Ariani; Priangga A. Wiratama; Rimbun; Tri H. Yuliawati; Hong Chen; Ibrahim H. Ibrahim; Cheng-Han Lin; Tai-Yu Hung; Dewanti Anggrahini; Arya S. Rajanagara; Khaled E. Omran; Zih-Ying Yu; Yu-Cheng Hsu; Erry G. Dachlan; Jer-Yen Yang; Li-Na Liao; Ming Tan

BioMedicine · 2026-03-01 · CC BY 4.0

Age / stage not established
Design requires full-text appraisal

Feedback & scaffolding · Assessment & reasoning · Accessibility & inclusion

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Conversational & pedagogical agents

Breaking Barriers in Student Mental Health Care With AI-Enhanced Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Pilot Feasibility Study

Bogdan Tudor Tulbure; Bianca Spătaru; Andrei Rusu; Darian Faur; Daniel Precupaș; Loredana Marcela Trancă; Șerban Gabriel Popa; Adrian Spătaru

JMIR Formative Research · 2026-06-12 · CC BY 4.0

Higher education
Randomized study reported

Feedback & scaffolding · Retention & transfer · Motivation & engagement · Assessment & reasoning · Accessibility & inclusion

Read sourceActionable companionPaper agent

Generative AI education leadership collection · Full leadership collection