Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition
Conception and Development of the Warmth/Affection Coding System (WACS): A Novel Hybrid Behavioral Observational Tool for Assessing Parent-to-Child Warmth
Originally published 2023-04-20 · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Springer Science and Business Media LLC · DOI 10.1007/s10802-023-01055-y ↗
Editorial reading guide · Kindness
Would two observers recognize the same small gesture as affectionate?
This article addresses what trained observers count as a warm or affectionate interaction.
Who was studied?
Parent-child observation as defined by the authors’ warmth coding system
Age / stage: Parent-child interactions
Read with three questions
- How did the authors investigate what trained observers count as a warm or affectionate interaction?
- What exactly does the measure score, and who decides whether an observation meets the definition?
- Which verbal and nonverbal dimensions of warmth does the proposed coding system distinguish?
Keep the limits in view
This is the development of an observational tool. Its design alone does not establish validity in every setting or an effect of increasing a score.
The text below is the original article’s licensed repository edition. Its wording is not rewritten. Use the Paper Agent beside the text to locate evidence; open the source for figures, tables and complete context.
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Follow the original.
Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Ashneeta H. Prasad; Yvette Keevers; Silvana Kaouar; Eva R. Kimonis (2023). Conception and Development of the Warmth/Affection Coding System (WACS): A Novel Hybrid Behavioral Observational Tool for Assessing Parent-to-Child Warmth Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01055-y
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.