Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition
Mind-mindedness and styles of interaction of young fathers with their infants at three months: a pilot study
Originally published 2023-12-06 · BMC Psychology
BMC · DOI 10.1186/s40359-023-01480-0 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Trust
How can a father talk about what his baby may be trying to communicate?
The pilot examines references to infant mental states alongside observed interaction styles, bringing young fathers into research on sensitive caregiving.
Who was studied?
Young fathers, their infants and a comparison group of young mothers
Age / stage: Infants age 3 months
Read with three questions
- How can a father talk about what his baby may be trying to communicate?
- Which participants were heard and which questions remain outside this program or sample?
- Which features of the study population (young fathers, their infants and a comparison group of young mothers) would matter when applying the findings in another setting?
Keep the limits in view
The study compared 22 young fathers with their partners during interactions with three-month-olds. These brief observations offer little basis for inferring differences between parents more broadly.
The text below is the original article’s licensed repository edition. Its wording is not rewritten. Use the Paper Agent beside the text to locate evidence; open the source for figures, tables and complete context.
Opening the verified paper and agent…
Checking the article identity, license record, and saved source text.
Open the repository recordAttribution & reuse
Follow the original.
Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Elena Ierardi; Simona Fantoni; Margherita Moioli; Alessandro Albizzati; Cristina Riva Crugnola (2023). Mind-mindedness and styles of interaction of young fathers with their infants at three months: a pilot study BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01480-0
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.