Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 4 · Licensed source edition
Birth experience and early postpartum outcomes: A cross-sectional study of mother–infant bonding, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms
Originally published 2026-02-27 · European Journal of Midwifery
EUEP European Publishing · DOI 10.18332/ejm/217879 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Trust
How are feelings about birth and perceived closeness to a baby related?
This observational work considers birth experience together with early bonding and breastfeeding confidence, three distinct measures.
Who was studied?
Women in Lithuania who experienced low-risk deliveries
Age / stage: Early postpartum
Read with three questions
- How are feelings about birth and perceived closeness to a baby related?
- Whose observations or reports were used, and what competing explanations are compatible with them?
- Which features of the study population (women in Lithuania who experienced low-risk deliveries) would matter when applying the findings in another setting?
Keep the limits in view
The Lithuanian data concern 218 women with low-risk deliveries. Associations from a cross-sectional questionnaire cannot establish that a birth experience caused a later bonding difficulty.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Milda Naginevičiūtė; Eglė Bartusevičienė; Aurelija Blaževičienė (2026). Birth experience and early postpartum outcomes: A cross-sectional study of mother–infant bonding, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and depressive symptoms European Journal of Midwifery. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/217879
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.