Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 3 · Licensed source edition
Care and control under dual transformation pressures: a three-wave multi-source study of paternalistic leadership, ambivalent psychological safety, surface acting, and employee voice in Malaysia’s service industry
Originally published 2026-10-14 · Frontiers in Psychology
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1923937 ↗
AI / system type
AI transformation as organizational context; no isolated AI product trial
Workplace evidenceExamines workers, organizations or AI at work. Participants are not necessarily parents; family benefits are not established by this evidence alone.
The AI connection
System or context examined: AI transformation as organizational context; no isolated AI product trial. The source-specific system and study design determine what can be inferred.
Why this reading matters
The reading brings care, control, psychological safety and employee voice into a concrete discussion of humane work during technological change. It offers three-wave multi-source observational study evidence or analysis, not a promise of organizational or family benefit.
Workplace evidence
Work, care and the whole person.
The workplace lens is care, control, psychological safety and employee voice. Source setting or population: 360 employee–supervisor dyads nested within 72 supervisors and 18 Malaysian service organizations or branches. Parenting and child-development outcomes are not inferred from the workplace evidence.
Examines workers, organizations or AI at work. Participants are not necessarily parents; family benefits are not established by this evidence alone.
Editorial reading guide · Respect
Can a workplace sound caring while making it harder for employees to speak?
This three-wave multi-source observational study examines care, control, psychological safety and employee voice. Its TRICK home is Respect, an editorial reading path rather than a claim that the paper tests the full framework.
Study context
360 employee–supervisor dyads nested within 72 supervisors and 18 Malaysian service organizations or branches
Age / stage: Adult workplace context; no child age range inferred
Read with three questions
- Can a workplace sound caring while making it harder for employees to speak?
- What do this study’s design and population — 360 employee–supervisor dyads nested within 72 supervisors and 18 Malaysian service organizations or branches — allow you to infer about another workplace?
- When considering care, control, psychological safety and employee voice, which decisions would need employee input before applying this reading to a working family’s circumstances?
Keep the limits in view
The study concerns AI and wage-change pressures as context; its observational leadership findings do not isolate the effect of an AI tool.
The text below is the original article’s licensed repository edition. Its wording is not rewritten. Use the Paper Agent beside the text to locate evidence; open the source for figures, tables and complete context.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Yuanyuan Ping; Sharmila A P Jayasingam; Raida Binti Abu Bakar (2026). Care and control under dual transformation pressures: a three-wave multi-source study of paternalistic leadership, ambivalent psychological safety, surface acting, and employee voice in Malaysia’s service industry Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1923937
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-05. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.