Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 1 · Licensed source edition
Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism
Originally published 2019-07-11 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) · DOI 10.3390/ijerph16142461 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Kindness
How might family warmth relate to empathy and care for the natural world?
Links family socialization with empathy and connectedness with nature, extending kindness to concern beyond the immediate household. Its cultural and methodological limits remain part of the reading.
Who was studied?
Seven hundred ninety-seven adolescents from six public secondary schools in Alicante, Spain.
Age / stage: 12–16 years
Read with three questions
- How were empathy and connectedness with nature distinguished?
- Which parenting-style groups showed different reported patterns?
- What would be needed to show that changing parenting causes environmental concern?
Keep the limits in view
The study is cross-sectional and relies on adolescent questionnaires from one Spanish province. Associations do not establish causal development or actual environmental behavior.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Daniel Musitu-Ferrer; Celeste León-Moreno; Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo; Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez; Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa (2019). Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142461
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.