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Parenting Journal · Volume 3 · Issue 1 · Licensed source edition

Comparing a Robot Tutee to a Human Tutee in a Learning-By-Teaching Scenario with Children

Sofia Serholt; Sara Ekström; Dennis Küster; Sara Ljungblad; Lena Pareto

Originally published 2022-02-21 · Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/frobt.2022.836462 ↗

IndependenceSmall within-subjects school field experimentCC BY 4.0
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AI / system type

Autonomous social robot; programmed dialogue and speech recognition

Child-facing evidence

Examines children or child-focused systems. Transfer to everyday family life must be assessed separately.

The AI connection

Studies an autonomous robot tutee in a collaborative arithmetic game, with constrained dialogue.

Why this reading matters

Directly compares robot and human tutoring rather than assuming engagement implies independence.

Editorial reading guide · Independence

Does a robot help my child take responsibility, or create more need for adult assistance?

Maps to Independence through children’s reported autonomy and need for adult help while teaching a robot.

Study context

Ten sixth-grade tutors compared robot and younger-child tutoring sessions in Sweden

Age / stage: Tutor children 12–13; child tutees approximately 9–10

Read with three questions

  1. How did reported autonomy differ between robot and human tutees?
  2. Why should enjoyment be separated from ease of communication?
  3. What role did the teacher play in both sessions?

Keep the limits in view

Ten tutors, subjective questionnaires and brief sessions; no demonstrated independent learning benefit. Related article PMC9659962 analyzes the same field-study setting/sample.

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Attribution & reuse

Follow the original.

Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.

CC BY 4.0 · License notice ↗Original repository record ↗

Sofia Serholt; Sara Ekström; Dennis Küster; Sara Ljungblad; Lena Pareto (2022). Comparing a Robot Tutee to a Human Tutee in a Learning-By-Teaching Scenario with Children Frontiers in Robotics and AI. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.836462

Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.