Leadership, teams & governance
Open journal researchCC BY 3.0

Exploring the role of DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini in medical education: How valid and reliable are they?

Sultan Ayoub Meo; Farah A Abukhalaf; Riham A ElToukhy; Kamran Sattar

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · Professional Medical Publications · Published: 2025-07-01

Journal article in Europe PMC

The paper agent searches this saved, licensed text and returns exact passages. It does not generate new claims, assess study quality, or replace the original paper. Research settings vary; relevance to school leadership requires editorial judgment.

Read the actionable education leadership companion →

Opening the verified paper and agent…

Checking the article identity, license record, and saved source text.

Open the repository record