Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 3 · Licensed source edition
Understanding early childhood behavioral problems through parenting style–temperament typologies: a latent profile analysis
Originally published 2025-11-13 · Frontiers in Psychology
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1620464 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Respect
What changes if I describe our interaction rather than calling my preschooler difficult?
Profiles combine parenting and temperament, encouraging attention to the match between a child and an adult's response rather than labeling a child difficult.
Who was studied?
Parents of 5,138 children in Wuhan, China.
Age / stage: Ages 3–6
Read with three questions
- Which parts of each profile represented temperament and which represented reported parenting?
- Whose perspective is represented by the ratings, and whose perspective is missing?
- What changes if I describe our interaction rather than calling my preschooler difficult?
Keep the limits in view
Reports from this sample may reflect who participated and how the questions were worded. Associations alone do not establish that a parenting response caused the outcome.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Mingyue Zhou; Dongmei Zhu; Shi Guo; Minxiao Zheng; Junhua Dang (2025). Understanding early childhood behavioral problems through parenting style–temperament typologies: a latent profile analysis Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1620464
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.