Parenting Journal · Volume 3 · Issue 1 · Licensed source edition
Personalizing HRI in Musical Instrument Practicing: The Influence of Robot Roles (Evaluative Versus Nonevaluative) on the Child’s Motivation for Children in Different Learning Stages
Originally published 2021-10-01 · Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/frobt.2021.699524 ↗
AI / system type
Social robot; human-operated/Wizard-of-Oz
Child-facing evidenceExamines children or child-focused systems. Transfer to everyday family life must be assessed separately.
The AI connection
Compares two social-robot support roles during piano practice.
Why this reading matters
Tests role personalization against practicing alone and accounts for differences in skill stage.
Editorial reading guide · Independence
Would my child benefit more from evaluation or supportive company during practice?
Maps to Independence through matching feedback style to a child’s practice stage and motivation.
Study context
31 piano students at a Dutch music school, across three learning stages
Age / stage: 9–12 years
Read with three questions
- How did evaluative and nonevaluative roles differ?
- Why might experience level change a child’s response?
- What does human control of the robot mean for home use?
Keep the limits in view
Small single-school sample and short practice sessions; Wizard-of-Oz operation does not demonstrate autonomous tutoring or long-term motivation gains.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Heqiu Song; Emilia I. Barakova; Panos Markopoulos; Jaap Ham (2021). Personalizing HRI in Musical Instrument Practicing: The Influence of Robot Roles (Evaluative Versus Nonevaluative) on the Child’s Motivation for Children in Different Learning Stages Frontiers in Robotics and AI. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.699524
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.