Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 5 · Licensed source edition
The Motherhood Penalty of Immigrants in France: Comparing the Motherhood Wage Penalty of Immigrants From Europe, the Maghreb, and Sub-Sahara With Native-Born French Women
Originally published 2022-03-30 · Frontiers in Sociology
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/fsoc.2022.748826 ↗
Working-family evidence
Work, care and the whole person.
Compares motherhood wage penalties by immigrant region of origin, showing why a single average can hide unequal experiences.
Directly examines work and family life, parenting, caregiving or employment policies for families.
Editorial reading guide · Respect
Does our pay-equity review see differences among mothers from different backgrounds?
Compares motherhood wage penalties by immigrant region of origin, showing why a single average can hide unequal experiences.
Study context
Immigrant and native-born women in France’s 2009–2012 income and social survey data.
Age / stage: Adult women with and without children.
Read with three questions
- How were native-born women compared with women from Europe, the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa?
- Which group had the most pronounced estimated motherhood wage penalty?
- What employment-selection and unmeasured background factors might affect wage comparisons?
Keep the limits in view
Observational wage models cannot establish employer discrimination for an individual case; results concern particular French survey years and origin-group definitions.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Noa Achouche (2022). The Motherhood Penalty of Immigrants in France: Comparing the Motherhood Wage Penalty of Immigrants From Europe, the Maghreb, and Sub-Sahara With Native-Born French Women Frontiers in Sociology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2022.748826
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-05. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.