Could a robot help a frightened child during an emergency visit?
Silvia Rossi; Silvano Junior Santini; Daniela Di Genova; Gianpaolo Maggi; Alberto Verrotti; Giovanni Farello; Roberta Romualdi; Anna Alisi; Alberto Eugenio Tozzi; Clara Balsano; Rita Kukafka; Oliver Korn; Craig Sutherland · 2022-01-13 · Journal of Medical Internet Research
3–10 yearsCC BY 4.0Programmed NAO social robot; not generative AIChild-facing evidence
Can caring robot responses make a painful procedure easier for a child?
Margaret J Trost; Grace Chrysilla; Jeffrey I Gold; Maja Matarić · 2020-04-09 · Pain Research & Management
Children undergoing IV placement; mean age 9.6 yearsCC BY (version not stated)Scripted socially assistive MAKI/IVEY robot; condition-dependent responses, not LLMChild-facing evidence
Does helping a robot tell us how a child will care for people?
SunKyoung Kim; Masakazu Hirokawa; Soichiro Matsuda; Atsushi Funahashi; Kenji Suzuki · 2021-05-26 · Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Autistic children 6–16; typically developing children 6–11CC BY 4.0Teleoperated NAO social robot plus offline Bayesian helping-behavior predictionChild-facing evidence
Could an AI wellbeing companion support me while parenting an autistic child?
Wen Zhang; Rachel Yim Fong Leung; Ka Ki Mak; Haoyan Ge; Tyrone Tai On Kwok; Ricky Van Yip Tso; Anni Wang; Haixia Ma; Janet YH Wong; Amy Schwartz; Matthew Balcarras; Ivan Liu · 2026-03-09 · JMIR Formative Research
Parents of children aged 6–11 yearsCC BY 4.0Generative AI/LLM: GPT-4o Allie positive-psychology chatbotDirect parenting evidence
How should I judge an AI assistant that sounds understanding about parenting?
Freddy Jackson Brown; Isabelle Stewart Muscat; Louise Quinn; Lara Best; Paul Cooper · 2026-04-08 · Scientific Reports
Parents/carers of autistic and neurodivergent children; no child treatment cohortCC BY 4.0Generative AI/LLM parent-facing agent: HazelDirect parenting evidence
How can we support a child who cares about a robot that no longer works?
Zhao Zhao; Rhonda McEwen · 2025-08-08 · Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Originally children aged 3–6; followed up roughly four years laterCC BY (version not stated)Book-recognition and preloaded-narration social robot; not generative AIDirect parenting evidence
What makes a child feel attached to a robot companion?
Caroline L van Straten; Jochen Peter; Rinaldo Kühne · 2019-07-03 · International Journal of Social Robotics
Typically developing children across included studiesCC BY 4.0Mixed programmed/human-operated social robots; pre-generative-AI evidenceChild-facing evidence
Mean age 6.9 years (SD 1.1)CC BY 4.0Affective computing and NAO robot: facial-expression recognition and EDA analysis; therapist overrideChild-facing evidence
What evidence lies behind claims that a youth chatbot offers empathic support?
Jinkyung Katie Park; Vivek K Singh; Pamela Wisniewski; Christian Lovis; Lauren Magoun; Bill Thies · 2025-02-28 · JMIR Medical Informatics
Review defines youth as 15–24; included studies span adolescents and young adultsCC BY 4.0Mixed AI review including many rule-based systems and emerging LLM approachesFamily implications
What does an emotionally intelligent child-facing robot actually understand?
Sandra Cano; Juan Pablo Vásconez; Kiara Villarroel; Juan Carlos Geraldo; Sergio Albiol-Pérez · 2026-09-09 · Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Child-focused studies; ages vary across included researchCC BY 4.0Mixed affective computing/social robots; machine learning, scripted/hybrid control, 14 Wizard-of-Oz and three LLM/GenAI studiesChild-facing evidence
What technology underlies a robot’s emotional expressions?
Sandra Cano; Carina S González; Rosa María Gil-Iranzo; Sergio Albiol-Pérez; Francisco José Perales; Cristina Manresa-Yee; Anthony Lewis Brooks · 2021-07-30 · Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Child/autism applications; not every included study enrolled autistic childrenCC BY 4.0Affective computing and socially assistive robots; computational emotion models, not generative AIFamily implications